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Arsenic is a ubiquitous element present in the environment as both inorganic and organic species with different oxidation states. Inorganic arsenic is mainly found as arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV), which has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Cancer Research. Other detrimental health effects have also been attributed to inorganic arsenic exposure such as neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolomics diseases, and early life exposure has a marked effect throughout the lifespan even at low to moderate levels. In general, organic arsenic is considered non-toxic and comprises several compounds such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine oxide, tetramethylarsonium, arsenocholine, arsenobetaine, aresenosugars amongst others.
In this article, the latest developments in arsenic speciation using IC-ICP-MS will be discussed together with an overview of total arsenic analysis using ICP-MS for a selection of food and beverage samples.
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